Abstract: During the use of agricultural machinery, vibration is inevitable, but the abnormal vibration caused by agricultural machinery failures can cause serious damage to agricultural machinery. By analyzing the common causes of abnormal vibration in agricultural machinery and summarizing the experience and methods for solving vibration problems, the probability of abnormal vibration faults in agricultural machinery can be effectively reduced.

Keywords: agricultural machinery; Abnormal vibration; Reason; method

The vibration of agricultural machinery refers to the oscillation phenomenon of displacement, velocity, and acceleration in the mechanical system. In many cases, the degree of damage to the machinery is very serious, causing the entire machine to work under high-frequency and high-amplitude vibration conditions. This not only generates noise and vibration, but also causes brittle fracture of its supporting components due to fatigue, affecting the performance and working life of mechanical equipment. Abnormal vibration is one of the common faults of agricultural machinery. Currently, agricultural machinery used in China is prone to abnormal vibration due to various faults due to varying technological content and production quality, as well as harsh working environments. Abnormal vibration not only affects the performance of agricultural machinery, but also poses significant risks to the personal health of drivers.

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Analyzing common vibration phenomena and causes can effectively identify the key factors that cause agricultural machinery vibration, thereby effectively reducing noise and component damage caused by vibration, improving the service life of agricultural machinery, and improving the comfort of drivers riding on agricultural machinery. Discovering and solving the vibration problem of agricultural machinery requires the joint efforts of many workers in design, use, and manufacturing.

1. Analysis of the Causes of Abnormal Vibration of Agricultural Machinery

1.1 Vibration caused by loose parts

Agricultural machinery is mostly power machinery, with engines or electric motors as the main power source. In order to achieve related agricultural machinery functions, the mechanical structure of agricultural machinery is usually complex, with a large number of matching and fastening parts. When bolts, rivets, positioning pins, and other parts become loose or detached, the originally stable form of agricultural machinery becomes loose, and in addition, there will be certain vibrations during the operation of the engine and electric motor, These vibrations transmitted to the loose parts will generate greater vibrations, accompanied by obvious noise, and these vibrations and noises are irregular, which can easily cause wear and tear of parts and damage to agricultural machinery.

1.2 Vibration caused by imbalanced rotating parts

Large agricultural machinery usually has many transmission mechanisms, and the common form of transmission is torque transmission, which is carried out in the form of rotation. For example, the reciprocating cutting motion of large combine harvesters, the picking and peeling motion of corn harvesters, and the rotation of the transmission shaft of large tractors usually require the transmission shaft to transmit power, Transmission shafts are usually installed and used after precision machining and dynamic and static balance testing. However, due to many reasons such as uneven load and force, shaft parts are prone to bending and deformation, leading to the breaking of the balance form of rotation and resulting in vibration during the transmission process.

1.3 Vibration caused by component wear

Many precision matched agricultural machinery parts not only ensure fixation, but also complete the load-bearing task. During the long-term operation of these mating parts, it is inevitable that certain wear will occur, which will cause the originally precise mating dimensions to fail and result in large gaps on the mating surface of the parts. For example, the gaps that occur during long-term operation of sliding bearings, as well as the gaps generated by the reciprocating motion between pistons and cylinder liners, reduce the original smooth support function of the parts, causing significant vibration and noise during high-speed operation, and accelerating the damage of precision parts.

1.4 Vibration caused by flexible transmission

The transmission system of agricultural machinery contains a large number of flexible transmission structures, such as belt transmission, chain transmission, etc. If the design of flexible transmission is not matched properly, it is easy to experience unnecessary abnormal vibrations during the transmission process, such as improper tension of chain or belt drives, and different belt lengths or batch models when multiple sets of belt drives are used together, the resulting uneven force may cause vibration in flexible transmission. The vibration of flexible transmission can cause severe wear and tear of weak parts in flexible transmission components, As a result, the transmission is interrupted or the transmission efficiency is reduced.

1.5 Vibration caused by improper maintenance

At present, there is a significant difference in the work abilities of agricultural machinery maintenance personnel. Some professional maintenance institutions can meet the standard requirements for the maintenance quality of agricultural machinery, but many private maintenance points do not regulate the maintenance of agricultural machinery, make arbitrary changes to some transmission structures, and assemble many bearing and transmission parts with directional requirements without analysis. These can easily lead to unqualified maintenance quality, resulting in uneven transmission of agricultural machinery Unreliable load-bearing, resulting in vibration and various other problems.

1.6 Vibration caused by hydraulic system faults

The hydraulic system is an important power system for agricultural machinery, and it has a high popularity and usage rate in agricultural machinery. During the operation of agricultural machinery, the hydraulic system is prone to certain malfunctions due to improper maintenance or use. The causes of vibration caused by common faults in hydraulic systems, including vibrations caused by hydraulic system leaks; Vibration caused by hydraulic oil circuit blockage and vibration caused by hydraulic valve wear.

2. Methods to reduce the probability of abnormal vibration of agricultural machinery

(1) Strengthen the inspection and maintenance of agricultural machinery. Regular maintenance of agricultural machinery can effectively reduce the vibration of agricultural machinery caused by system failures. Regular inspections of agricultural machinery include checking the tightness of bolts and other fastening parts, checking the amount of lubricating oil added, and checking the tension of chain and belt drives. While completing regular manual inspections, attention should also be paid to checking the idle operation of agricultural machinery to see if there is any abnormal vibration, analyzing the source of vibration, and scientifically solving it.

(2) Improve the maintenance quality of agricultural machinery. To improve the quality of agricultural machinery maintenance, two aspects should be taken into consideration: firstly, for agricultural machinery drivers, when there is abnormal vibration or other reasons in the agricultural machinery? When a problem needs to be repaired, should we go to a reputable and reputable formal repair agency? When carrying out maintenance, one should not seek cheap repairs at small repair points with insufficient qualifications. At the same time, the maintenance process should try to ensure the original authenticity of parts and structures, and do not modify parts or mechanical structures without authorization. The second is for the agricultural machinery quality supervision department, it should do a good job in supervising and managing the agricultural machinery maintenance industry, investigate or rectify unqualified maintenance points, and improve the overall quality level of agricultural machinery maintenance by standardizing the work behavior of agricultural machinery maintenance outlets.

(3) Standardize the driving habits of agricultural machinery operators. The driving habits of agricultural machinery determine their actual performance, and good driving habits can significantly reduce the failure rate of agricultural machinery and improve its service life. However, in the current stage of agricultural machinery production, agricultural machinery often encounters problems such as overloaded driving, overspeed operation, and overloaded long-term operation during the operation process. The long-term high load operation of agricultural machinery parts leads to problems such as wear, deformation, and fracture of parts, which significantly increases the probability of occurrence, leading to abnormal vibration phenomena in agricultural machinery and affecting the work efficiency of agricultural machinery.

2024 October 4th Week FK Product Recommendation:

Insert Bearings：

Insert bearings (SKF Y-bearings) are based on sealed deep groove ball bearings in the 62 and 63 series, but have a convex outer ring and in most cases an extended inner ring with a specific locking device, enabling quick and easy mounting onto the shaft.

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