Abstract: This article elaborates on the meaning of agricultural machinery, starting from the classification and characteristics of agricultural machinery, analyzes and points out the importance of maintenance and upkeep of agricultural machinery, and proposes corresponding countermeasures for the maintenance and upkeep of agricultural machinery.

[Keywords] Agricultural machinery; maintain; Maintenance; strategy

Introduction

The fundamental way out for agriculture lies in mechanization. With the continuous development of China's economy and science and technology, the process of agricultural production development has been accelerated. And various agricultural machinery purchase subsidy policies, with increased support, have effectively stimulated farmers' purchasing enthusiasm, promoted the increase of agricultural machinery utilization rate, and more agricultural machinery has been applied to agricultural production, improving production efficiency. The promotion and use of agricultural mechanization have improved agricultural production efficiency and promoted agricultural economic growth. However, there are still many problems in the development of agricultural mechanization. Agricultural machinery covers all aspects of agricultural production, including plowing, planting, management, and harvesting. If we want to ensure the efficient use of production technology, obtain more production and management benefits, it is of great significance to do a good job in maintaining and upkeep agricultural machinery. By conscientiously implementing maintenance work, agricultural machinery is kept in good working condition, providing support for production work and improving production efficiency. This article starts with the classification, function, and characteristics of agricultural machinery, and conducts relevant analysis on the maintenance and upkeep of agricultural machinery.

1. Overview of agricultural machinery

1.1 The meaning of agricultural machinery

The agricultural machinery referred to here specifically refers to various types of machinery used in crop planting and animal husbandry production; Machinery used in the primary processing and handling of agricultural and livestock products. From a broad perspective, it specifically includes forestry machinery, fishery machinery, and rural sideline machinery. The definition of agricultural machinery is a relative concept, referring to the overall name of various types of machinery in agriculture, animal husbandry, forestry, and fisheries.

1.2 The role of agricultural machinery

(1) Combining production needs and selecting suitable machinery can improve operational efficiency. (2) Effective support based on technology can increase production output. (3) Promoting the application of agricultural machinery can help drive the development of agricultural biotechnology and promote progress. (4) Strive for agricultural time. (5) Reduce labor intensity and improve working conditions. (6) Reduce investment and save agricultural production costs. (7) Improving the agricultural ecological environment under certain conditions is the guarantee for achieving "high yield, high quality, and high efficiency" in agricultural production.

1.3 Characteristics of Agricultural Machinery

(1) The objects targeted have complexity. From the perspective of mechanical services, the service targets are mainly organisms and are related to conditions related to biological activities, such as soil conditions and fertilizers. (2) Machinery has diversity and regionalism. The mechanical equipment used needs to be selected based on the type and characteristics of crops, and is influenced by climate and planting conditions, exhibiting diversity and regional characteristics. (3) It has seasonal characteristics. Due to the significant impact of climate conditions on agricultural production, planting and harvesting work need to be completed within a certain period of time, which places high demands on the performance of machinery. It is necessary to ensure the reliability of equipment and productivity. (4) Poor working environment conditions. Most agricultural machinery works in fields, open fields, and at high speeds, and must have high product quality and management level. (5) Easy to operate and maintain. The technical level of farmers is generally low, and agricultural machinery should be operated as simply as possible, with easy maintenance and upkeep. (6) Economically applicable. Agricultural machinery is suitable for the vast rural areas, and it is necessary to fully consider the economic capacity of farmers to accept agricultural machinery and have a certain degree of economic practicality.

1.4 Classification of agricultural machinery

Agricultural machinery is generally classified according to its purpose, including tillage and land preparation machinery, planting and fertilization machinery, field management machinery, harvesting machinery, post harvest processing machinery, agricultural product processing machinery, agricultural handling machinery, irrigation and drainage machinery, animal husbandry machinery, aquaculture machinery, agricultural waste utilization and treatment equipment, power machinery, and other (beekeeping platforms, preservation and storage equipment, Beidou terminals) into fourteen major categories. Each major category is divided into multiple subcategories and items, which will not be listed one by one here.

2. Maintenance and upkeep strategies for agricultural machinery

Agricultural machinery undergoes running in after leaving the factory, and after long-term operation, it is affected by motion friction, causing deformation and loosening of mechanical components, resulting in changes in shape and size. If not treated and maintained in a timely manner, it will leave potential performance hazards and reduce the level of mechanical performance. However, due to the lack of basic mechanical knowledge and low technical level among farmers, they are not clear about the technical maintenance procedures and content, and do not know how to maintain agricultural machinery. Secondly, there is a lack of guarantee for the work of the mechanical promotion department. Due to insufficient technical personnel and funding, some maintenance and upkeep work has not been carried out in a timely and effective manner, which in turn affects the promotion and application of related technologies. To carry out maintenance and upkeep work, the concept of prevention first should be implemented, and potential hazards should be eliminated in a timely manner. In daily work, corresponding maintenance and upkeep systems are developed in conjunction with agricultural machinery, and various tasks such as inspection, cleaning, and plugging are organized. By taking measures such as adjustment, fastening, and replacement, problems with the machinery are solved, the deterioration of mechanical performance is curbed, energy consumption is reduced, production efficiency is improved, and more economic benefits are obtained.

3. Overall goal of agricultural machinery maintenance and upkeep

3.1 Three no leaks

Specifically, there is no oil leakage situation; No water leakage and no air leakage.

3.2 Four cleanliness refers to the cleanliness of oil, water, gas, and locomotives.

3.3 Five Good Specific Explanation: Good mechanical performance adjustment, good equipment lubrication, good fastening, good instruments, and good electrical equipment.

3.4 Main objectives of maintenance and upkeep work

(1) After repair and maintenance, the power of the engine equipment meets the usage requirements. According to the usage requirements, the fuel consumption rate of the equipment cannot exceed the rated standard, and the speed must meet the technical parameter requirements. The runtime status is good and there are no abnormal situations. (2) For air filters, diesel filters, etc., they should be cleaned well to ensure good performance.

(3) Adjust the control mechanism to achieve accurate and flexible steering. The transmission mechanism used should achieve a flexible state, without the occurrence of gear jumping or chaotic shifting. Strictly follow the job requirements for agricultural machinery maintenance and upkeep, implement quality and performance checks after maintenance, and ensure proper maintenance and upkeep.

3.5 Mechanical maintenance and the following states should be achieved after maintenance

(1) Operate, rotate, and lift to achieve a flexible state. (2) The machinery is not loose, sluggish, deformed, or corroded. (3) The technical condition of the equipment is intact. Perform maintenance checks according to the set requirements.

4. Maintenance and upkeep of various departments of agricultural machinery

In general, agricultural machinery is mainly composed of systems such as engines, chassis, electrical equipment, and operating systems (agricultural machinery). Below is a brief analysis of the maintenance and upkeep of various systems in agricultural machinery.

4.1 Maintenance and upkeep of the engine

(1) Inspection of anti freezing liquid level height: The appropriate height is above the middle of the Z low scale line to the Z high scale line. (2) Battery inspection: Firstly, check if the electrolyte of the battery is sufficient. Secondly, check the tightness of the "two poles" of the battery. After that, clean the dirt on the "two poles". (3) Oil inspection: Check whether the height and color of the oil are normal. If the viscosity is too low, it should be replaced in a timely manner. (4) Inspection or replacement of air filter: Remove the filter to observe. If it is very dirty, it should be replaced in a timely manner. If it is not very dirty, use a high-pressure air gun to treat it and make it clean. (5) Inspect the radiator and intake duct parts. After entering spring, it is necessary to organize and carry out inspection work in a timely manner to see if there are willow catkins or other debris entering, in order to avoid adverse effects on the heat dissipation state. If there are any, high-pressure air guns should be used for treatment. (6) Inspect the engine compartment to see the condition of the rubber hose and check for signs of aging and cracking. (7) When inspecting the engine compartment, it is also necessary to check the wires and screws of the parts to see if there are any problems, such as glue peeling or detachment, and take necessary measures to address them. (8) For the inspection of the engine compartment, in addition to the above-mentioned parts, it is also necessary to check the status of each V-belt to see its performance and tension, and implement adjustment or replacement measures.

4.2 Maintenance and upkeep of agricultural machinery chassis

(1) Check the clutch pedal travel. (2) Inspect the gearbox for any leaks or damage. (3) Inspect the dust cover of the constant velocity universal joint to see if there is any damage. (4) Check the steering tie rod to see if the ball joint is fixed; Whether the gap size is reasonable, etc. (5) Inspect the braking system to see if there are any leaks or damages. (6) Check the brake fluid to ensure that the fluid level meets the requirements. (7) Inspect the brake shoe friction lining or pad to see if the thickness meets the standard. (8) Check and adjust the hand brake device. (9) Inspect the tires to see if the air pressure, wear, and damage condition meet the requirements. (10) Check the wheel bolts to ensure that the tightening torque parameters are appropriate. (11) Check the depth of tire tread patterns.

4.3 Maintenance and upkeep of agricultural machinery and electrical equipment

In the daily operation of machinery, electrical equipment may experience faults such as loose joints, aging and wear of circuits, sulfurization of battery plates, open circuits, and short circuits. Therefore, daily maintenance work is quite important. (1) Regularly check the looseness of all joints and terminals, and tighten them immediately if there are any abnormalities. (2) Regularly remove soil and oil stains from the exterior of electrical equipment. (3) Pay attention to checking and adding lubricating oil to the parts that need to be lubricated. (4) Regularly check and maintain according to the time specified in the user manual. (5) When the battery is not used for a long time, it should be fully charged and placed in a cool and ventilated room. It should be recharged every month and checked for charging and discharging every three months.

4.4 Maintenance and upkeep of agricultural machinery operating systems (agricultural implements)

The homework system (tool) is a system in agricultural machinery that directly works on the homework object. The working environment is extremely harsh, often carried out in the open air with wind, sun, rain, flying dust, and uneven ground, resulting in significant corrosion, wear, and vibration. Therefore, proper maintenance of agricultural machinery during use is also very important. (1) Proper maintenance of agricultural machinery. In addition to paying attention to the technical condition of agricultural machinery, maintenance work should be done well after each shift or after the operation is completed. Specific methods: ① Remove dirt, soil, and weeds wrapped around the working parts; ② Check the status of working components and the correctness of installation and adjustment of each part; ③ Check for any missing parts of agricultural machinery and tighten all nuts; ④ Add lubricating oil (grease) to the required parts as required; ⑤ Replace damaged and vulnerable components that have failed. (2) Properly store agricultural machinery. Due to the strong seasonality of agricultural production, some agricultural machinery should participate in agricultural production operations during busy farming seasons, and be stopped for storage during idle farming seasons: ① The place where agricultural machinery is stored should be kept clean regularly, without water accumulation, oil pollution, weeds, etc., and snow should be cleared in a timely manner in winter; ② Indoor agricultural machinery warehouses should be kept ventilated, transparent, and avoid moisture; ③ Before storing agricultural machinery, it should be thoroughly cleaned to remove soil, weeds, and oil stains, and lubricating oil (grease) should be added to each lubrication point; ④ Parts of agricultural machinery that are prone to corrosion and have a direct impact on work after rusting should be coated with anti-corrosion oil (paint); ⑤ Outdoor parked agricultural machinery should be cushioned with bricks and stones to prevent contact with the ground Parts that are prone to corrosion and deformation should be removed, cleaned, and stored indoors for proper safekeeping.

5. Conclusion

In summary, in the promotion and application of agricultural mechanization, maintenance and upkeep of agricultural machinery account for a large proportion: ① Agricultural machinery management departments should increase publicity on the importance of agricultural machinery maintenance and upkeep, and standardize the methods and processes of agricultural machinery maintenance and upkeep. ② Regularly organize agricultural machinery maintenance network staff and farmers to participate in maintenance skills training. Only when the majority of agricultural machinery owners and users possess certain mechanical technical skills and scientifically maintain and upkeep agricultural machinery, can we ensure the high-quality, low consumption, efficient, and safe input of agricultural machinery into agricultural production.

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Pillow Block:

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